Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the bladder.The main types of cystitis are bacterial, viral, saline, aseptic due to venous stasis in the pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis, radiation cystitis.This disease definitely needs treatment to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis, as a complication of cystitis.
The clinic's specialists know how to diagnose cystitis in the early stages.Professional urologists prescribe effective and gentle therapy to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease and maintain your health.
Classification of cystitis
In most cases, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder occurs due to an infection in the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.If the treatment tactics are incorrect or the symptoms of the disease are ignored, acute cystitis can become chronic.In a chronic process, cystitis manifests itself in the form of relapses: symptoms appear with the slightest weakening of the body and disappear for an indefinite period of time.
Urologists also distinguish:
- Infectious cystitis.Most often, cystitis occurs due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).It could also be that other infections have entered the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is very rare.The cause of the development of the inflammatory process can be any trauma during surgical and medical procedures.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.Occurs due to overuse of personal hygiene products and use of strong medications.Additionally, chemical cystitis is often diagnosed in patients undergoing radiation therapy or anticancer chemotherapy.
Primary cystitis is a primary lesion of the bladder and presents with symptoms related to bladder damage;Secondary cystitis is associated with secondary bacterial damage from the kidney or changes in nearby organs and tissues.Often, in women with symptoms of cystitis, a clinically occult kidney infection is detected.In this case, we are talking about complicated cystitis in women.In addition, cystitis can be the first manifestation of any urinary disease or complicate the course of the disease.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent and ineffective urge to urinate;
- burning and stinging when urinating;
- feeling of incomplete bladder emptying;
- cloudy, foamy urine mixed with mucus;
- urine has a pungent, unpleasant odor;
- pain in the urethra and pelvis.
If unpleasant symptoms occur, consult a specialist.Professional urologists will conduct a complete diagnosis, make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.
Why does cystitis happen?
Cystitis in women is caused by microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature.Quite often, the causative agent of the disease is opportunistic intestinal microflora: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Streptococcus.The penetration of intestinal flora into the bladder is facilitated by poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, reduced immunity due to fatigue or illness and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to a violation of the ratio of opportunistic flora with lacto- and bifidobacteria.
Typically, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cause inflammation in the mucous membrane of the bladder.Because some of the symptoms are similar, when self-medicating, you may choose the wrong therapy, which will only temporarily cure the symptoms and not eliminate the root cause.That's why doctors recommend seeking professional help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis for women is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the penetration of infectious agents into the urethra during sexual intercourse.It is necessary to examine both partners, consult with a gynecologist and urologist and decide on the need for surgical treatment or correction of the soft tissues of the perineum using hyaluronic acid preparations.
Like many other diseases, cystitis can occur due to chronic neuropsychological stress, hormonal disorders and allergic diseases.The active action of the metabolites of some drugs, which are excreted in the urine and irritate the mucous membrane of the bladder, can also cause the appearance of symptoms of the disease.
Risk factors for developing cystitis in women:
- birth defects (urethral cyst, urethral stricture);
- hypermobile urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- incorrectly selected antibiotic therapy and hormone therapy;
- change sexual partners frequently;
- lack of contraception;
- failure to comply with personal hygiene rules;
- pathology of the digestive tract.
Diagnosis of disease
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient should consult a urologist.The clinic employs both male and female urologists to ensure maximum patient comfort.At the first appointment, the doctor will examine your medical history in detail, listen to complaints and ask questions about previous diseases of the genitourinary system.
In clinics, to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and exclude serious diseases of the bladder (cancer, tuberculosis), laboratory and instrumental research methods are performed, in accordance with modern clinical recommendations in urology.Your doctor may recommend the following tests to diagnose cystitis:
- urine bacterial test;
- Urine PCR for the treatment of intracellular and viral infections;
- Ultrasound of kidneys and bladder;
- CT and MRI have contrast;
- cystoscopy;
- Urological studies (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with the most modern diagnostic equipment.Very often in urology, a cystoscope is used for diagnostic purposes.Cystourethroscopy is a highly accurate endoscopic examination of the genital tract, helping to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis.Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, also provide detailed information about the condition of the urinary system.
Cystitis in women is often associated with gynecological diseases such as colitis or bacterial vaginosis.At an older age, cystitis in women is associated with menopause.With this in mind, a urologist may refer a woman to a gynecologist for advice.
The scope of diagnosis depends on the patient's symptoms, comorbidities, and medical history.Do not refuse to be tested.To make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, it is important for the doctor to determine the root cause of the disease.
At the medical center, all research is performed using modern, high-tech, professional equipment.Experienced specialists will help diagnose the disease at an early, asymptomatic stage to provide timely quality treatment.
Treatment of cystitis
Cystitis, the symptoms of which may be mild or severe, should not be treated without consulting an experienced urologist.
For cystitis, complex treatment is prescribed, which not only eliminates pathogens and reduces the inflammatory process, but also preserves local immunity.As a rule, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.It is extremely important to follow all your doctor's orders and complete therapy.After prescribing the drug, the symptoms of cystitis will disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause of the disease has been eliminated.Only thorough treatment can ensure that the disease does not progress to the chronic stage.
Controlled studies based on the results of treatment should be carried out within a week after the end of treatment, their volume will be determined by the doctor in each individual case.
Self-medication can lead to a chronic inflammatory process, exacerbation of the disease and involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.Uncontrolled use of antibacterial therapy and any other drugs without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
If treated incorrectly or at an advanced stage of chronic cystitis, the following complications may occur:
- urinary incontinence;
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- pyelonephritis;
- bladder pain.
Physical therapy for cystitis
In the treatment of chronic and acute cystitis in women, physiotherapy has shown particular effectiveness as an auxiliary treatment method.Physiotherapy helps improve blood flow, stimulate microcirculation and normalize venous flow.The procedure strengthens the effectiveness of drug treatment, helping to prevent cystitis.Your doctor may recommend:
- ozone therapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnetic therapy;
- ultrasound therapy.
All physical therapy treatments can be completed in a specialist clinic under the supervision of experienced physical therapists.
Advantages of treating cystitis at a modern clinic
- Specialists will conduct a complete diagnosis, make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe comprehensive treatment.
- Tests, treatment, rehabilitation - everything can be done in a clinic.
- The clinic provides effective physical therapy for quick recovery after treatment.
Prevention of cystitis
Urologists recommend that women have annual preventative exams with a gynecologist and urologist and have tests done.This will allow you to promptly determine the presence of inflammation in the body and prescribe treatment.Very often, diseases of the genitourinary system are “painless” and have no symptoms.
In addition, to prevent cystitis in women, you should:
- avoid hypothermia;
- use contraception;
- comply with personal hygiene rules;
- Remember to wash your external genitalia under running water before and after having sex;
- Avoid traumatic sexual positions that can damage the urethra;
- wear loose underwear that does not impede blood flow and lymphatic drainage;
- Timely treatment of any diseases of the genitourinary system.